Diadynamic currents

Electrotherapy and Electrostimulation

“Produces analgesic and spasmolytic effects … in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, chronic pain …”

The understanding of the body’s bioelectricity arose in 1780 through the discoveries of Luigi Aloisio Galvani, a physician who observed a dead frog’s leg twitch upon exposure to electrostatic energy.  It is now known that bioelectric stimulation is necessary for all cells to function, whereas lack of continuous bioelectrical stimuli would lead to bodily dysfunction and eventually death. As a result, the application of variable electric currents to the human body has been a topic of medical research since the initial discovery of human bioelectricity.

The use of low currents in therapy has shown to benefit

 

Musculoskeletal disorders

arthritis, rheumatic disease, pain, osteoporosis, pain related to injuries, post-traumatic conditions

 

Nervous system disorders

peripheral nerve damage / neuralgia, sciatica, chronic inflammation, disorders of spinal cord, enhance cerebral circulation, alter the hormonal profile of the central nervous system, enhance neurohormonal/electrochemical exchange within nervous system

Disease and pathological condition

scars, enhance speed of wound healing/regeneration, hematoma and oedemas.

 

Muscle work

reduce muscle work, rehabilitation of muscle paralysis, increase muscle mass and strength

 

Despite the 18th-century’s simplistic methods of electrotherapy, the first electric therapy department opened in Guy’s Hospital, London (1836). Even though discoveries from scientists such as Nikola Tesla, Michael Faraday and Luigi Galvano led to the development of Galvanic, Sinusoidal and Faradic currents, it was not until the mid-19th century that electrotherapy was brought to the mainstream by Dr Golding Bird, which ensured the transition from the commonly used high intensity electrotherapies into more gentle methods using measured doses to activate electrical activity in the human body.

In the present day, electricity is used in many areas of the medical field from defibrillators to pacemakers. There are many different types of low-current electrotherapies used in medicine, of which a commonly used method are Bernard currents (diadynamic currents). These are low frequency currents (50 Hz – 100 Hz) that were developed in 1949 by Pierre Bernard. The electrotherapeutic benefits of such a therapy are well-documented and has shown to alleviate specific ailments according to factors such as the type of current, intensity and placement of electrode.

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Electrostimulation (cranial)

Cranial electrostimulation was invented in the Soviet Union in 1954 and has been used in the medical field since. In 1979 a specific waveform was invented by Dr. Daniel Kirsch that led to the development of the Alpha-Stim device. This device produces a weak microcurrent (millionth of an ampere) and is administered cranially via ear clips. Targeted administration of this microcurrent is also used in the management of acute and chronic pain.

 

Microcurrent therapy is used in over 92 Veteran’s Administration hospitals world-wide for treating military personnel after acute, chronic and post-traumatic pain. The use of microcurrents which are similar to the waveform produced by our healthy nervous tissue have shown to alter the neurochemical profile of the nervous system. Therefore, microcurrent therapy has shown to be effective in treating psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorders. The beneficial effects of cranial electrostimulation are comparable to pharmacotherapy treatments for psychiatric conditions.  

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References

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  • Gol'dblat V.I. 1972. Diadynamic currents in trauma and certain diseases of the locomotor apparatus. [in Russian] Med Sestra. 31(4):19-21.

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